Warum Eltern nicht für ihre Kinder haften!
Im Alltag hast auch du sicher schon einmal eines der Schilder angetroffen, auf denen die fast schon mahnenden Worte „Eltern haften für ihre Kinder!“ zu lesen waren. Doch ist es überhaupt zulässig, pauschal die Eltern für die Taten ihres Nachwuchses verantwortlich zu machen?
Keine oder nur begrenzte Haftung
Nach den Regelungen des Bürgerlichen Gesetzbuches – kurz „BGB“ – muss jeder Verursacher eines Schadens für sein Handeln geradestehen und diesen ersetzen. Dabei sind Kinder bis zum siebten Lebensjahr ausgenommen. Sie gelten als deliktunfähig. Vom siebten bis 18. Lebensjahr gilt schließlich eine beschränkte Haftung. Im Fall eines verursachten Schadens können Kinder innerhalb dieser Altersspanne nur verantwortlich gemacht werden, wenn sie aufgrund von Alter und Reife imstande waren, mögliche Schäden abzuschätzen.
Der große Rechtsirrtum
Dass Eltern pauschal für die Taten ihres Nachwuchses verantwortlich gemacht werden können, ist falsch. Denn dafür ist allein entscheidend, ob die Eltern eine Schuld am entstandenen Schaden trifft. Das ist in aller Regel nur dann so, wenn Eltern ihre Aufsichtspflicht verletzen und Kinder dadurch Schäden verursachen können.
Ob eine Verletzung der Aufsichtspflicht vorliegt, wird im Fall der Fälle meist für den jeweiligen Einzelfall geprüft. Eltern, die beispielsweise ihr Dreijähriges allein an der Straße spielen lassen, verletzen ihre Aufsichtspflicht zweifellos. Ein im Garten spielendes noch junges Schulkind muss hingegen nicht pausenlos kontrolliert bzw. beaufsichtigt werden. Eine Kontrolle alle 20 bis 30 Minuten gilt als ausreichend. Verlässt das Kind das Grundstück und verursacht einen Schaden, gilt die Aufsichtspflicht nicht als verletzt. Somit unterliegen die Eltern keiner Haftung und der Geschädigte bleibt auf dem Schaden sitzen.
Vor juristischem Hintergrund erscheint das Aufstellen eines Schildes mit der Aufschrift „Eltern haften für ihre Kinder!“ also lediglich als zweifelhafter Versuch, den auf den Eltern lastenden Verantwortungsdruck zu erhöhen und dadurch mögliche Schäden zu vermeiden.
„Von deinen Kindern lernst du mehr, als sie von dir.“ Friedrich Rückert, Dichter und Übersetzer
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